Laminectomy - Atlas Orthopaedic Group

Laminectomy

Laminectomy is performed to alleviate symptoms such as back pain, numbness, and weakness that are caused by nerve compression. This procedure provides relief for pain, improves mobility, and prevents further damage to the nerves.

Medically reviewed by Dr Chua Soo Yong ,

Consultant Orthopaedic & Spine Surgeon

MBBS (S’pore), MRCS (Edinburgh), MMed (Ortho),FRCS (Ortho), FAMS (Ortho)

What Is a Laminectomy?

Laminectomy involves removing a portion of the vertebral bone known as the lamina. The lamina is a bony structure located at the back of each vertebra and forms the protective covering for the spinal cord. By removing this bone, the surgeon creates more space within the spinal canal and relieves compression in the spinal cord and nerves.

Laminectomy is typically recommended for people who experience severe and persistent symptoms that do not respond to conservative treatments. This surgery can treat a range of spinal conditions, including:

Spinal Stenosis - This refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which leads to increased pressure in the spinal cord and nerves.

Herniated Discs - When the soft cushioning discs between the vertebrae become damaged or ruptured, they can press against the nerves and cause pain, weakness, or numbness.

Spinal Tumours - Tumours in or around the spine can compress the spinal cord or nerves, resulting in neurological symptoms.

Traumatic Spinal Injuries - In cases where the spinal cord is severely compressed or damaged due to trauma, a laminectomy may be necessary to relieve pressure and stabilise the spine.

How to Prepare for a Laminectomy?

Medical Evaluation - The doctor will evaluate the patient’s symptoms and health history and undergo a thorough medical evaluation, including X-rays and MRI scans, to assess their condition and suitability for the procedure.
Medication Adjustments – The patient must inform the surgeon about any medications or supplements currently being taken, as some of these may need to be adjusted or discontinued temporarily before surgery to minimise the risk of complications.
Smoking Cessation - Smoking increases the risk of complications after surgery and can also hinder healing. Therefore, you may be recommended to quit smoking for a few weeks before and after the procedure.
Fasting - Patients must refrain from eating or drinking anything for six to eight hours before surgery.
Arranging Support - Following a laminectomy, the patient may require assistance with transportation and normal daily activities for a few days or weeks. Be sure to have a trusted support to assist you during this period of time.

How Is Laminectomy Performed?

Laminectomy is typically performed under general anaesthesia, so patients will be asleep the whole time. During the procedure, an incision is made at the back of the affected vertebrae, and the underlying muscles and soft tissues will be moved aside to facilitate access to the spine. The surgeon will then use specialised surgical instruments to excise a portion of the lamina to relieve tension in the spinal cord and nerves. They may also remove bone spurs, damaged discs, or thickened ligaments that are contributing to the nerve compression. Finally, the incision will be closed using sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing will be applied to the surgical site. On average, a laminectomy takes one to three hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

What Happens After Laminectomy?

Typically, patients may need to remain in the hospital for one to two days for monitoring to ensure their vital signs are normal and to watch out for any potential complications that may arise after the spine surgery. Patients often experience temporary back pain after the procedure. Once discharged, patients are advised to follow a tailored post-operative care plan, which includes prescribed medications, physiotherapy, and proper wound care.

Recovery time after laminectomy surgery varies depending on the complexity of the procedure, the patient’s overall health, and their adherence to post-operative instructions. Generally, it may take two to six weeks to resume normal activities. During the initial weeks of recovery, patients are encouraged to gradually increase their activity levels, starting with light exercises, while avoiding heavy lifting, bending, or twisting of the spine. Follow-up appointments are important to ensure that you are recovering properly as expected.

How Effective Is Laminectomy?

Most patients experience significant reduction of back pain and other symptoms after a laminectomy surgery. Nonetheless, the degree of success can vary among individuals, depending on the type and severity of the condition being treated, the adherence to proper post-operative care, and one’s overall health.